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Meds That Treat Anxiety

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health problems, affecting 40 million adults in the United States. It's extremely treatable with many types of medications available.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. Contrary to benzodiazepines they're not addictive.

SSRIs

The most popular anxiety medication is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac). These drugs also treat depression and can help relieve the symptoms of anxiety disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It can take up one month for them to start working.

These drugs work by boosting the production of certain chemical messengers within the brain, including serotonin and norepinephrine. These drugs are usually the first option to treat anxiety, but doctors can prescribe other forms of antidepressants or benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants like duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine, (Effexor) are also used for anxiety. They are a bit different from SSRIs because they decrease norepinephrine but at a lower degree than SSRIs. These medications take a long time to take effect and are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as imipramine (Tofranil), can be effective in treating some anxiety disorders, including GAD. Their drowsiness, and other adverse effects are what make them less well-liked. Monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) are a different kind of antidepressant used to treat anxiety. Their high risk of toxicity and restrictions on diets make them unsuitable for use.

Benzodiazepines are frequently used to combat anxiety and panic attacks in the short-term like when you wait for SSRIs or SNRIs to begin working. These medications can cause tolerance and addiction, sedation and apathy as well as withdrawal reactions that include rebound depression, anxiety, and even delirium. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax), Clonazepam (Klonopin) and lorazepam (Ativan).

Therapy is an essential component of the treatment for anxiety nausea treatment as it can help you learn more about your symptoms and their reasons. Many people find that both therapy and medication aid them cope with separation anxiety disorder treatments. Some studies suggest that cognitive therapy is just as effective as medications for anxiety. Consult your physician to determine what is the best option for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have a calming effect, decrease anxiety and relax tense muscles. They also alleviate symptoms of bodily arousal due to fear (like heart rate and shaking) and help promote sleep.

The way they work is through binding to inhibitory neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutryic acids or GABA, at receptors in the central nervous system. They increase the effects of GABA by activating its inhibitory effect on other neurotransmitters, and reducing the amount of messages that are sent to the amygdala, a region of the brain that assesses threats and produces the sensation of fear.

These medications can be utilized for short durations for instance, when panic attacks occur or when you experience extreme anxiety. They may help relieve the symptoms within 30 to 90 minutes of taking them. Unlike SSRIs they don't stay in the body for very long. They're fast-acting and usually perform in just a few hours, which makes them ideal for situations when you require quick relief (like during an airplane flight or before giving an event in public).

They are addictive, and people are usually prescribed them for up to 4 weeks at a time. After that time they also become less effective.

One of the main reasons why benzodiazepines are so popular is because they are safe and have few adverse effects when compared to their predecessors like barbiturates and meprobamate. They are fast in the time to begin their action and are very useful as anxiolytics (anti-anxiety), sedatives and anticonvulsants as well as as muscle relaxants.

Benzos were blamed for negative attitudes towards anxiety that emerged during the 1970s and 80s and included the denial of the disorder, and the perception that benzodiazepine treatments result in physical dependence. Despite this they still play a significant role in the treatment of anxiety disorders, specifically in combination with psychosocial interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.

Benzos can interact with other drugs and trigger unwanted side effects, such as drowsiness or confusion. It is important to inform your doctor about any prescription, nonprescription, or herbal medication you are currently taking or are planning to take. You can find out which medications are safe to use with benzodiazepines by checking the British National Formulary A-Z list of drug interactions.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants can reduce anxiety and other mental health conditions. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved several antidepressants to treat other health conditions, too, such as eating disorders, some types of pain and bipolar disorder.

The majority of doctors prescribe SSRIs as the first line treatment for anxiety, however these medications may not be suitable for everyone. If they aren't working doctors might try the older type of antidepressant, known as a tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressant. These include amitriptyline or nortriptyline as well as Clomipramine. They're less common than newer antidepressants, but still readily available. Your doctor can prescribe the sedating antidepressant trazodone (Desyrel) in lower doses for anxiety or sleep.

Other antidepressants that can help include Nefazodone (Ferdinand) and duloxetine (Cymbalta). These medications are also available in generic form. If they don't help your doctor, you can try the antipsychotics quetiapine and Olanzapine or the sedative antidepressant Mirtazapine.

Beta blockers are used to treat other anxiety disorders. They reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking adrenaline. These medications aren't typically used to treat anxiety by themselves however they can be beneficial when combined with psychological therapy.

Psychological therapy can help you change negative thoughts and behavior patterns that can cause anxiety. It will help you learn to manage your anxiety and develop coping strategies. Depending on your situation, you may be treated with exposure or cognitive behavioural therapy. Cognitive behavioural therapy can help you learn to challenge unhelpful thoughts, fearful thoughts and to overcome avoidance of situations that trigger anxiety. Exposure therapy involves gradually increasing the intensity of anxiety-inducing situations until are able to handle them. It can be done either in a group, or by yourself. In both instances, the results will take time to manifest. A combination of medication and psychological therapy is the best choice for certain people. Some people find that medication alone is enough to control symptoms. It's crucial to tell your doctor what you're doing to control your symptoms.

Other Medications

Other drugs can also help relieve your symptoms. Beta blockers, antihistamines and buspirone are often prescribed to alleviate anxiety.

These medications can help alleviate your symptoms by reducing or blocking the signals that cause stress and fear. They are not a panacea. You'll still need to do other things to control your anxiety, including exercises as well as relaxation techniques and psychotherapy.

SSRIs or SNRIs are the first choice of anxiety medications that your doctor can prescribe. According to studies, these medications are the most effective in treating anxiety disorders. SSRIs are typically found in sertraline (Zoloft) as well as Citropram, fluoxetine, and escitalopram. These drugs may cause mild side effects, such as nausea or insomnia, but they typically subside within 4-8 weeks. They aren't addictive, and they do not increase the risk of suicidal ideas.

The benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, diazepoxide, and clonazepam (Valium) offer immediate relief from panic and anxiety attacks. However, they could cause adverse effects, including dizziness and drowsiness. They may also cause memory and coordination issues, and even dependence. They're less well-known than the barbiturates of the past, but are just as efficient.

Antihistamines, such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine) were originally developed to relieve allergies. However they can also be used to alleviate anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine may have a relaxing affect by blocking histamine receptors. It is not a controlled substance and does not have the same risk of addiction as benzodiazepines.

Anticonvulsants are a different type of medication which can aid in reducing anxiety. They have been found to decrease anxiety treatment at home by interfering in the production and release of dopamine as well as sérotonin. They may be prescribed in combination with other medications or as a short-term treatment for anxiety. Your doctor will assess your health history and symptoms to determine if these drugs are appropriate for you. They will also discuss the duration of time you'll need these medicines and any potential side effects that may occur. Anxiety medications are only available on prescription, and it is necessary to see a psychiatrist to prescribe it.