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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties can produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and more tart flavor profile and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of global production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta. They are available with a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee can differ widely depending on the growing conditions and processing methods employed to make it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized by eating the fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can flourish at high altitudes, and thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops are focused on sourcing their arabica beans ethically by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending can be used to control the aroma, flavor and body of the light roast Coffee beans and is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean grown in the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and does well in direct sun. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cost-effective crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's possible that there is also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the best quality coffeee beans from a trusted source. This can be done by purchasing the beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped, which makes them distinct from other coffee bean varieties. They have a distinctive scent that is floral and fruity with smokey undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper, more robust taste.

Liberica highest rated coffee beans beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. You can find the seeds on the internet from several sources, but it is preferred to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee beans types include fertile deep volcano soils, with moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered a separate species but was re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20-30 foot coffee plants that are situated at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is sweet and tart, making them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They are also lighter in the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta yet still have a distinctive quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular type of light roast coffee beans beans Excelsa beans aren't as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered an entirely different species of coffee beans shop up until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and have an eerie, dark taste. They are typically utilized to give blends extra body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are renowned for having a a sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed, they can have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee around the world. It accounts for about 40% of all coffee consumed around the world. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, yet they contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody taste.

Once you've mastered the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your ideal coffee. If you're looking for a silky and delicate taste, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.